Files
pangolin/server/private/lib/sshCA.ts
2026-02-16 15:19:29 -08:00

443 lines
15 KiB
TypeScript

/*
* This file is part of a proprietary work.
*
* Copyright (c) 2025 Fossorial, Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This file is licensed under the Fossorial Commercial License.
* You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* Unauthorized use, copying, modification, or distribution is strictly prohibited.
*
* This file is not licensed under the AGPLv3.
*/
import * as crypto from "crypto";
/**
* SSH CA "Server" - Pure TypeScript Implementation
*
* This module provides basic SSH Certificate Authority functionality using
* only Node.js built-in crypto module. No external dependencies or subprocesses.
*
* Usage:
* 1. generateCA() - Creates a new CA key pair, returns CA info including the
* TrustedUserCAKeys line to add to servers
* 2. signPublicKey() - Signs a user's public key with the CA, returns a certificate
*/
// ============================================================================
// SSH Wire Format Helpers
// ============================================================================
/**
* Encode a string in SSH wire format (4-byte length prefix + data)
*/
function encodeString(data: Buffer | string): Buffer {
const buf = typeof data === "string" ? Buffer.from(data, "utf8") : data;
const len = Buffer.alloc(4);
len.writeUInt32BE(buf.length, 0);
return Buffer.concat([len, buf]);
}
/**
* Encode a uint32 in SSH wire format (big-endian)
*/
function encodeUInt32(value: number): Buffer {
const buf = Buffer.alloc(4);
buf.writeUInt32BE(value, 0);
return buf;
}
/**
* Encode a uint64 in SSH wire format (big-endian)
*/
function encodeUInt64(value: bigint): Buffer {
const buf = Buffer.alloc(8);
buf.writeBigUInt64BE(value, 0);
return buf;
}
/**
* Decode a string from SSH wire format at the given offset
* Returns the string buffer and the new offset
*/
function decodeString(data: Buffer, offset: number): { value: Buffer; newOffset: number } {
const len = data.readUInt32BE(offset);
const value = data.subarray(offset + 4, offset + 4 + len);
return { value, newOffset: offset + 4 + len };
}
// ============================================================================
// SSH Public Key Parsing/Encoding
// ============================================================================
/**
* Parse an OpenSSH public key line (e.g., "ssh-ed25519 AAAA... comment")
*/
function parseOpenSSHPublicKey(pubKeyLine: string): {
keyType: string;
keyData: Buffer;
comment: string;
} {
const parts = pubKeyLine.trim().split(/\s+/);
if (parts.length < 2) {
throw new Error("Invalid public key format");
}
const keyType = parts[0];
const keyData = Buffer.from(parts[1], "base64");
const comment = parts.slice(2).join(" ") || "";
// Verify the key type in the blob matches
const { value: blobKeyType } = decodeString(keyData, 0);
if (blobKeyType.toString("utf8") !== keyType) {
throw new Error(`Key type mismatch: ${blobKeyType.toString("utf8")} vs ${keyType}`);
}
return { keyType, keyData, comment };
}
/**
* Encode an Ed25519 public key in OpenSSH format
*/
function encodeEd25519PublicKey(publicKey: Buffer): Buffer {
return Buffer.concat([
encodeString("ssh-ed25519"),
encodeString(publicKey)
]);
}
/**
* Format a public key blob as an OpenSSH public key line
*/
function formatOpenSSHPublicKey(keyBlob: Buffer, comment: string = ""): string {
const { value: keyType } = decodeString(keyBlob, 0);
const base64 = keyBlob.toString("base64");
return `${keyType.toString("utf8")} ${base64}${comment ? " " + comment : ""}`;
}
// ============================================================================
// SSH Certificate Building
// ============================================================================
interface CertificateOptions {
/** Serial number for the certificate */
serial?: bigint;
/** Certificate type: 1 = user, 2 = host */
certType?: number;
/** Key ID (usually username or identifier) */
keyId: string;
/** List of valid principals (usernames the cert is valid for) */
validPrincipals: string[];
/** Valid after timestamp (seconds since epoch) */
validAfter?: bigint;
/** Valid before timestamp (seconds since epoch) */
validBefore?: bigint;
/** Critical options (usually empty for user certs) */
criticalOptions?: Map<string, string>;
/** Extensions to enable */
extensions?: string[];
}
/**
* Build the extensions section of the certificate
*/
function buildExtensions(extensions: string[]): Buffer {
// Extensions are a series of name-value pairs, sorted by name
// For boolean extensions, the value is empty
const sortedExtensions = [...extensions].sort();
const parts: Buffer[] = [];
for (const ext of sortedExtensions) {
parts.push(encodeString(ext));
parts.push(encodeString("")); // Empty value for boolean extensions
}
return encodeString(Buffer.concat(parts));
}
/**
* Build the critical options section
*/
function buildCriticalOptions(options: Map<string, string>): Buffer {
const sortedKeys = [...options.keys()].sort();
const parts: Buffer[] = [];
for (const key of sortedKeys) {
parts.push(encodeString(key));
parts.push(encodeString(encodeString(options.get(key)!)));
}
return encodeString(Buffer.concat(parts));
}
/**
* Build the valid principals section
*/
function buildPrincipals(principals: string[]): Buffer {
const parts: Buffer[] = [];
for (const principal of principals) {
parts.push(encodeString(principal));
}
return encodeString(Buffer.concat(parts));
}
/**
* Extract the raw Ed25519 public key from an OpenSSH public key blob
*/
function extractEd25519PublicKey(keyBlob: Buffer): Buffer {
const { newOffset } = decodeString(keyBlob, 0); // Skip key type
const { value: publicKey } = decodeString(keyBlob, newOffset);
return publicKey;
}
// ============================================================================
// CA Interface
// ============================================================================
export interface CAKeyPair {
/** CA private key in PEM format (keep this secret!) */
privateKeyPem: string;
/** CA public key in PEM format */
publicKeyPem: string;
/** CA public key in OpenSSH format (for TrustedUserCAKeys) */
publicKeyOpenSSH: string;
/** Raw CA public key bytes (Ed25519) */
publicKeyRaw: Buffer;
}
export interface SignedCertificate {
/** The certificate in OpenSSH format (save as id_ed25519-cert.pub or similar) */
certificate: string;
/** The certificate type string */
certType: string;
/** Serial number */
serial: bigint;
/** Key ID */
keyId: string;
/** Valid principals */
validPrincipals: string[];
/** Valid from timestamp */
validAfter: Date;
/** Valid until timestamp */
validBefore: Date;
}
// ============================================================================
// Main Functions
// ============================================================================
/**
* Generate a new SSH Certificate Authority key pair.
*
* Returns the CA keys and the line to add to /etc/ssh/sshd_config:
* TrustedUserCAKeys /etc/ssh/ca.pub
*
* Then save the publicKeyOpenSSH to /etc/ssh/ca.pub on the server.
*
* @param comment - Optional comment for the CA public key
* @returns CA key pair and configuration info
*/
export function generateCA(comment: string = "ssh-ca"): CAKeyPair {
// Generate Ed25519 key pair
const { publicKey, privateKey } = crypto.generateKeyPairSync("ed25519", {
publicKeyEncoding: { type: "spki", format: "pem" },
privateKeyEncoding: { type: "pkcs8", format: "pem" }
});
// Get raw public key bytes
const pubKeyObj = crypto.createPublicKey(publicKey);
const rawPubKey = pubKeyObj.export({ type: "spki", format: "der" });
// Ed25519 SPKI format: 12 byte header + 32 byte key
const ed25519PubKey = rawPubKey.subarray(rawPubKey.length - 32);
// Create OpenSSH format public key
const pubKeyBlob = encodeEd25519PublicKey(ed25519PubKey);
const publicKeyOpenSSH = formatOpenSSHPublicKey(pubKeyBlob, comment);
return {
privateKeyPem: privateKey,
publicKeyPem: publicKey,
publicKeyOpenSSH,
publicKeyRaw: ed25519PubKey
};
}
// ============================================================================
// Helper Functions
// ============================================================================
/**
* Get and decrypt the SSH CA keys for an organization.
*
* @param orgId - Organization ID
* @param decryptionKey - Key to decrypt the CA private key (typically server.secret from config)
* @returns CA key pair or null if not found
*/
export async function getOrgCAKeys(
orgId: string,
decryptionKey: string
): Promise<CAKeyPair | null> {
const { db, orgs } = await import("@server/db");
const { eq } = await import("drizzle-orm");
const { decrypt } = await import("@server/lib/crypto");
const [org] = await db
.select({
sshCaPrivateKey: orgs.sshCaPrivateKey,
sshCaPublicKey: orgs.sshCaPublicKey
})
.from(orgs)
.where(eq(orgs.orgId, orgId))
.limit(1);
if (!org || !org.sshCaPrivateKey || !org.sshCaPublicKey) {
return null;
}
const privateKeyPem = decrypt(org.sshCaPrivateKey, decryptionKey);
// Extract raw public key from the OpenSSH format
const { keyData } = parseOpenSSHPublicKey(org.sshCaPublicKey);
const { newOffset } = decodeString(keyData, 0); // Skip key type
const { value: publicKeyRaw } = decodeString(keyData, newOffset);
// Get PEM format of public key
const pubKeyObj = crypto.createPublicKey({
key: privateKeyPem,
format: "pem"
});
const publicKeyPem = pubKeyObj.export({ type: "spki", format: "pem" }) as string;
return {
privateKeyPem,
publicKeyPem,
publicKeyOpenSSH: org.sshCaPublicKey,
publicKeyRaw
};
}
/**
* Sign a user's SSH public key with the CA, producing a certificate.
*
* The resulting certificate should be saved alongside the user's private key
* with a -cert.pub suffix. For example:
* - Private key: ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
* - Certificate: ~/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert.pub
*
* @param caPrivateKeyPem - CA private key in PEM format
* @param userPublicKeyLine - User's public key in OpenSSH format
* @param options - Certificate options (principals, validity, etc.)
* @returns Signed certificate
*/
export function signPublicKey(
caPrivateKeyPem: string,
userPublicKeyLine: string,
options: CertificateOptions
): SignedCertificate {
// Parse the user's public key
const { keyType, keyData } = parseOpenSSHPublicKey(userPublicKeyLine);
// Determine certificate type string
let certTypeString: string;
if (keyType === "ssh-ed25519") {
certTypeString = "ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com";
} else if (keyType === "ssh-rsa") {
certTypeString = "ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com";
} else if (keyType === "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256") {
certTypeString = "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com";
} else if (keyType === "ecdsa-sha2-nistp384") {
certTypeString = "ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com";
} else if (keyType === "ecdsa-sha2-nistp521") {
certTypeString = "ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com";
} else {
throw new Error(`Unsupported key type: ${keyType}`);
}
// Get CA public key from private key
const caPrivKey = crypto.createPrivateKey(caPrivateKeyPem);
const caPubKey = crypto.createPublicKey(caPrivKey);
const caRawPubKey = caPubKey.export({ type: "spki", format: "der" });
const caEd25519PubKey = caRawPubKey.subarray(caRawPubKey.length - 32);
const caPubKeyBlob = encodeEd25519PublicKey(caEd25519PubKey);
// Set defaults
const serial = options.serial ?? BigInt(Date.now());
const certType = options.certType ?? 1; // 1 = user cert
const now = BigInt(Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000));
const validAfter = options.validAfter ?? (now - 60n); // 1 minute ago
const validBefore = options.validBefore ?? (now + 86400n * 365n); // 1 year from now
// Default extensions for user certificates
const defaultExtensions = [
"permit-X11-forwarding",
"permit-agent-forwarding",
"permit-port-forwarding",
"permit-pty",
"permit-user-rc"
];
const extensions = options.extensions ?? defaultExtensions;
const criticalOptions = options.criticalOptions ?? new Map();
// Generate nonce (random bytes)
const nonce = crypto.randomBytes(32);
// Extract the public key portion from the user's key blob
// For Ed25519: skip the key type string, get the public key (already encoded)
let userKeyPortion: Buffer;
if (keyType === "ssh-ed25519") {
// Skip the key type string, take the rest (which is encodeString(32-byte-key))
const { newOffset } = decodeString(keyData, 0);
userKeyPortion = keyData.subarray(newOffset);
} else {
// For other key types, extract everything after the key type
const { newOffset } = decodeString(keyData, 0);
userKeyPortion = keyData.subarray(newOffset);
}
// Build the certificate body (to be signed)
const certBody = Buffer.concat([
encodeString(certTypeString),
encodeString(nonce),
userKeyPortion,
encodeUInt64(serial),
encodeUInt32(certType),
encodeString(options.keyId),
buildPrincipals(options.validPrincipals),
encodeUInt64(validAfter),
encodeUInt64(validBefore),
buildCriticalOptions(criticalOptions),
buildExtensions(extensions),
encodeString(""), // reserved
encodeString(caPubKeyBlob) // signature key (CA public key)
]);
// Sign the certificate body
const signature = crypto.sign(null, certBody, caPrivKey);
// Build the full signature blob (algorithm + signature)
const signatureBlob = Buffer.concat([
encodeString("ssh-ed25519"),
encodeString(signature)
]);
// Build complete certificate
const certificate = Buffer.concat([
certBody,
encodeString(signatureBlob)
]);
// Format as OpenSSH certificate line
const certLine = `${certTypeString} ${certificate.toString("base64")} ${options.keyId}`;
return {
certificate: certLine,
certType: certTypeString,
serial,
keyId: options.keyId,
validPrincipals: options.validPrincipals,
validAfter: new Date(Number(validAfter) * 1000),
validBefore: new Date(Number(validBefore) * 1000)
};
}